Appraisal: This is where you gather all of the information for the intended voyage, ascertain risks and assess critical areas.
Preparation: The preparation of a detailed plan using the information from the appraisal stage.
What information must you gather in the appraisal?
The vessel's condition and state.
Stability.
Equipment.
Any operational limitations.
Permissible draught and sea, fairways and ports.
The cargo characteristics: IMDG vol.2 distribution, stowage and securing.
manning requirements.and certification requirements and docs.
The equipment, crew passengers, cargo etc. is the ship seaworthy
A vessel is seaworthy if it's parts equipment are fit for their intended purpose and is operated by a crew that is competent for the work assigned, it can face any normal perils of the sea.
appropriate charts for appropriate area. large scale charts provide a lot of detail for a small area, which you need for coastal areas.
All publications must be accurate and up to date.
asses the charts and publications needed for planning and execution special routeing charts etc..
routeing charts: include routes and distances between major ports, ocean currents, ice limits, load line zones and wind roses, providing expected meteorological and oceanographic conditions for each month of the year. From these routeing charts you can ascertain:
1. Arrival and departure waypoints.
2. landfalls on passage.
3. limitations of weather and climate.
4. territorial no go areas.
5. oil fields.
6. fishery limits
7. naval exercise and practice areas.
8. limiting latitudes due to ice and wind
9. load line restrictions.
information from the chart and routeing charts is to be used in conjunction with the following: catalogue of admiralty charts and sailing directions appropriate charts, berth-berth.
When you have all of the publications to hand and you know your 'intended passage' you can make a full appraisal of the voyage.
updated publications and charts: N2M) weekly updates with the latest safety critical navigation info.
Admiralty tide tables: give info on the tidal info for ports, heights and time predictions and primary port info as well as how to use that for a secondary port. harmonic constants. high and lower water times and heights for standard ports and time and height differences for secondary ports and harmonic constants, methods of prediction and information about the meteorological conditions of tides.
Atlases that provide arrows for various seasons giving the drift set and rate.
ALLFS, IALA Maritime buoyage, mariners handbook, ALRS,
SI's and M notices.
ALLFS: Descriptions of the characteristics of lights and fog signals for identification.
as well as tables to assist in the calculation of the GR and the LR of the lights.
NR as given on the chart: The maximum distance at which a light can be seen when the visibility is 10M
LR: The maximum distance at which a light can be seen, determined by the intensity of the light and the vyisibility at the time. ( dependant on the prevailing meteorological conditions).
GR: takes into account the HOE, height of the structure and the curvature of the earth.
anything with a light and fog signals.
Details:
International number.
location.
Name
geo. position.
characteristics.
intensity.
elevation in metres.
range in M
ALRS:
Volume 1 is split between 2 publications.
Maritime radio stations list. for global maritime communications.
sat comms coastguard comms and the list of radio stations. for VHF, HF, MF etc.
details of coastal stations can be found here.
v2:
radio aids for navigation, DGPS, legal time, radio time signals, EPFS.
racons, ais, aids to nav, radio beacons transmitting DGPS corrections,
v3: MSI services you would find some NAVTEX information here, v5 also has navtex info.
v3: MSI services, maritime weather services, safety information broadcasts, worldwide navtex and safetynet info.
v4: met. observation stations, list of all met obs stations worldwide.
v5. GMDSS (navtex also) worldwide communications requirements for distress, SAR SOLAS and ITU regs distress and SAR incorporates (MRCC and MRSC.)
worldwide navtex and msi. including EGC coverage areas.
EGC: enhanced group calling it provides a worldwide satellite system of safetynet messages.
v.6 pilot services, vts and port operations, detailed port information, contact details and procedures.
national and international ship reporting systems.
port information contact details. you would find details of port stations and port operations here.
MMSI (A Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) is a series of nine digits which are sent in digital form over a radio frequency channel in order to uniquely identify ship stations, ship earth stations, coast stations, coast earth stations, and group calls) and ship stations info can be found in the itu lists.
EGC: Enhanced Group Call (EGC) service is a part of the GMDSS system for the transmission of maritime safety information (MSI) in areas where the NAVTEX service is not available. These messages could be e.g. Navigational warnings, Meteorological warnings, Meteorological forecasts and Search And Rescue messages. The EGC service uses the Inmarsat C system for broadcasting these messages. The Enhanced Group Call (EGC) service is used for the transmission of messages to a group of ships or to ships in a specified area via the Inmarsat satellites.
For the reception of EGC messages an Inmarsat C terminal will be used. A printer will be connected to this terminal for printing the received messages. These messages will also be stored in a log file on the terminal and can be displayed on the terminal screen. For the use of the Inmarsat C terminal, refer to the Inmarsat chapter.
safetynet: The SafetyNET system is used for the transmission of MSI. With SafetyNET it is possible within this EGCsystem to reach all ships in a specific area by one single transmission from the shore. The transmission of EGC MSI messages will be used to cover the areas between 700 North and 700 South outside the coverage of a NAVTEX station.
usefull guides for passage planning: SOLAs V R34
admiralty manual of navigation v 1
BPG
Bridge team management.
passage planning is required by SOLAS: V R34 outlines the need for detailed and systematic planning of a berth to berth passage.
An appraisal of the relevant information for the passage using up to date and corrected publications for the berth-berth passage to execute and monitor the vessel's progress against the plan continuously.
It must be berth-berth as a pilot doesn't relieve you of your duties or responsibilities.
IMO resolution A285 (VIII): which has been incorporated into the STCW convention 1995:
'despite the duties and obligations of a pilot, his presence onboard does not relieve the oow from his duties and obligations for the safety of the ship. He should co-operate closely with the pilot... he should notify the master immediately and take action if necessary before the master arrives.'
Appraisal: chart catalogue: for selecting charts.
Plan: Important information from the appraisal to be extracted and used for the plan:
distances from port to port and wp to wp.
safest and most economical route.
anticaipated passage times and eta's important and notable landfalls. nav hazards
times and heights along the track or at crucial locations
routeing and TSS to be encountered along with reporting positions and radio aids enroute.
seasonal weather patterns sar services along the route, sunrise and sunset, ships loaded condition draught, trim and squat.
havens and achorages and depth contours.
frequency and call signs of vts, port control and pilot stations (ALRS vol. 6).
pilot boarding stations and availabiltiy of ENS.
ships man char.
Berth: location and facilities and depth alongside.
planning: detailed berth to berth. Having assembled all pertinent information to the passage the navigator now lays down the plan incorporating the whole passage B-B. Including pilotage.
the planning:
Route: after looking at routeing charts and the ocean passages for the world you must choose a route by plotting on small scale and ocean routeing charts.
ocean passages for the world will help providing the route you need.
ocean passage of the world: departure and landfall waypoints weather conditions, ocean currents, traffic hot spots and restrictions.
tracks: for wp-wp you can plot it on a small scale chart and Gnomonic charts that can be transferred to larger scale charts for specific legs of the voyage.
LS charts for the mercator tracks nr land or shallow water.
highlight hazards etc, highlight safe havens and anchorages and abort positions for contingency purposes.
coastal/pilotage plan: highlight dangers and NGA (rocks, shoals, wrecks) near the route.
decide on safe distances from the coast.
DOW HOT? highlight notable depth contour lines.
RADAR conspicuous objects.
highlight prominent landmarks for landfall, fixing and clearing bearings and transits.
course alterations and w/o positions.
indicate positions for change in machinery status.
indicate safe speeds, with allowance for draught heel and squat.
what is a coastal passage: within visual or radar range from land reduced dow and dense traffic.
routeing systems and vts floating nav marks strong tidal streams territorial limits and concentrations of fishing vessels.
the bridge notebook is drawn up after the planning stage, it is to assist with the exection and the monitoring.
general passage details: draught, wp (number, position, remarks) course and distance for each leg.
d2go planned speed on each leg UKC on each leg,
nav systems, fixing systems to be used, dangers and hazards close to the track.
clearing barings ranges and depths.
w/o points and bearings.
changes of speed, notice to the engine room, astern power test etc.
radio watches to be maintained, tss routeing procedures, positions: master or pilot contact and vts etc and contingency plans too.
the execution: the carrying out of the plan, executing the plan you must consider reliabiltiy and condition of nv equp and traditional methods.
changes since the plan has been drawn up, who has done that route before. ENS setting up procedures.
compass errors, eta at critical points for tidal heights and pilot boarding boarding etc.
met conditions esp where poor vis and or strong winds.
traffic condtions additional wathc keeping safe speed, hand overs.
adherence to routeing systems including timely reports.
information exchange and standing and night orders.
conforming with colregs and lights shapes and sounds.
mastr/pilot exchange.
monitoring: The close and continuous surveillance of the ship's progress along the pre-planned track involving regular checks of the performance and the state of the nav equipment.
visual bearings: being the most accurate means of position fixing.
utilise transit marks clearing bearings and ranges us echo sounder at various intervals.
when fixing project the ep.
pi's to maintain track.
use radar and visually confirm.
coastal passage: the pilotage phase
Publications: alot has already been discussed about the use of publications for passage planning.
These are the 14 that must be carried on UK flagged ships:
1. International code of signals
2. Mariner's handbook
3. MSN
4. MGN
5. MIN
6. ANM
7. ANM annual summary 1 and 2
8. IAMSAR vol.3
9. Lists of radio signals.
10. lists of lights.
11. sailing directions.
12. Nautical Almanac.
13. Navigational Tables: sight reduction tables.
14. Tide tables.
15. Tidal stream atlases
16. operating and maintenance instructions for navigational aids carried by the ship.
Where can you find this list:
SI's The MS regulations.
As well as SOLAS: V annex 3
In the case of publications listed above, only those parts of the publication which are relevant to a ship's voyage and operation need be carried. For example, “The Admiralty-Kingfisher Fisherman’s Pilot” series of consolidated publications which contain information essential for safe navigation of fishing vessels.
M-notices as well as the Mariner's handbook.
What are MSN's?
MSNs are Merchant shipping notices, they contain the technical detail, of regulations known as SI's. This is mandatory information and must be complied with under UK legislation.
Statutory instruments are a type of delegated (or secondary) legislation. They can be used to make specific changes to the law under powers from an existing Act of Parliament.
What do routeing charts normally show: essential for passage planning ocean voyages. showing routes and distances between major ports. and major ocean routes.
ocean currents, ice limits, wind roses (wind speed and direction) and load line zones and information.
as well as expected oceanographic and meteorological conditions to be expected for each month of the year: storms, and low pressure. ocean currents sea and air temperature, air pressure and ice limits. based on averages.
describe the planning stage:
The planning stage: after appraising the berth-berth passage you are to undertake, you have considered all the relevant up to date publications and now you are to apply all this acquired information, for a detailed plan for the whole passage including pilotage.
Choose the route and identify the charts you will need.
pilotage:
largest scale chart amd once you have the correct charts the NGA can be marked.
clearing bearings: ensure the vessel stays clear of the shoal water- so not more than or less than a certain bearing for a landdmark.
course alterations and w/o this is for coastal and includes point of no returns and contingency plans anchorages etc.
PI's
Bridge notebook: 22 for details
an integral part of the plan and it should contain important information to be used for the execution and monitoring of the plan, and again much of the information can be obtained from the appraisal.
General passage details.
vessels draught
important info: follow the deep water route.
waypoint identifier: number, letter, pos in lat long
course and distance for each leg
distance to go
planned speed
minimum expected ukc etc
other info: position fixing systems, nav systems to be used and if to use echo sounder, dangers and hazards in the area
w/o bearings
changes of speed, notice to the engine room, astern power etc,
stroong tidal streams?
radio watches to be kept
tss routeing procedures
thats fro the coastal plan.
26 for summary
ocean passage plan: see 27
is simpler but requries:
th
ocean passages for teh world
routeing chrts
distance tables
load line info
routieng etc
when would you make landfall, expected time etc,
from this you can get the most optimal route and distance.
from the appraised information from those publications the route can be approved and a detailed plan for it produced, plotting on a mercator chart to be used on the bridge and. etc
Publications: alot has already been discussed about the use of publications for passage planning.
These are the 14 that must be carried on UK flagged ships:
1. International code of signals
2. Mariner's handbook
3. MSN
4. MGN
5. MIN
6. ANM
7. ANM annual summary 1 and 2
8. IAMSAR vol.3
9. Lists of radio signals.
10. lists of lights.
11. sailing directions.
12. Nautical Almanac.
13. Navigational Tables: sight reduction tables.
14. Tide tables.
15. Tidal stream atlases
16. operating and maintenance instructions for navigational aids carried by the ship.
Where can you find this list:
SI's The MS regulations.
As well as SOLAS: V annex 3
In the case of publications listed above, only those parts of the publication which are relevant to a ship's voyage and operation need be carried. For example, “The Admiralty-Kingfisher Fisherman’s Pilot” series of consolidated publications which contain information essential for safe navigation of fishing vessels.
M-notices as well as the Mariner's handbook.
What are MSN's?
MSNs are Merchant shipping notices, they contain the technical detail, of regulations known as SI's. This is mandatory information and must be complied with under UK legislation.
Statutory instruments are a type of delegated (or secondary) legislation. They can be used to make specific changes to the law under powers from an existing Act of Parliament.
What do routeing charts normally show: essential for passage planning ocean voyages. showing routes and distances between major ports. and major ocean routes.
ocean currents, ice limits, wind roses (wind speed and direction) and load line zones and information.
as well as expected oceanographic and meteorological conditions to be expected for each month of the year: storms, and low pressure. ocean currents sea and air temperature, air pressure and ice limits. based on averages.
describe the planning stage:
The planning stage: after appraising the berth-berth passage you are to undertake, you have considered all the relevant up to date publications and now you are to apply all this acquired information, for a detailed plan for the whole passage including pilotage.
Choose the route and identify the charts you will need.
pilotage:
largest scale chart amd once you have the correct charts the NGA can be marked.
clearing bearings: ensure the vessel stays clear of the shoal water- so not more than or less than a certain bearing for a landdmark.
course alterations and w/o this is for coastal and includes point of no returns and contingency plans anchorages etc.
PI's
Bridge notebook: 22 for details
an integral part of the plan and it should contain important information to be used for the execution and monitoring of the plan, and again much of the information can be obtained from the appraisal.
General passage details.
vessels draught
important info: follow the deep water route.
waypoint identifier: number, letter, pos in lat long
course and distance for each leg
distance to go
planned speed
minimum expected ukc etc
other info: position fixing systems, nav systems to be used and if to use echo sounder, dangers and hazards in the area
w/o bearings
changes of speed, notice to the engine room, astern power etc,
stroong tidal streams?
radio watches to be kept
tss routeing procedures
thats fro the coastal plan.
26 for summary
ocean passage plan: see 27
is simpler but requries:
th
ocean passages for teh world
routeing chrts
distance tables
load line info
routieng etc
when would you make landfall, expected time etc,
from this you can get the most optimal route and distance.
from the appraised information from those publications the route can be approved and a detailed plan for it produced, plotting on a mercator chart to be used on the bridge and. etc
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